Global astronomy faces a critical challenge: the potential installation of the INNA energy project near astronomical observatories in northern Chile. The implications go beyond light pollution; this decision could set a dangerous precedent that threatens decades of international scientific collaboration and the technological advances that have emerged from this field. Astronomers are urging for solutions that balance energy development with the preservation of dark skies.
Northern Chile, known as one of the best places in the world for astronomical observation, is at the center of a crucial debate. The potential construction of a green energy plant near world-class observatories, such as the upcoming Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), has sparked concern within the international scientific community.
For astronomer and director of the Millennium Nucleus ERIS, Paula Jofré, this threat endangers not only Chile’s astronomical heritage, but that of all humanity: “We need those dark skies because we are human beings who will never stop seeking answers. These unique conditions have made it possible to tackle incredibly complex questions that require equally complex technological development.”
Jofré emphasizes that the installation of telescopes in northern Chile is no coincidence. “These telescopes are expensive and specialized, designed specifically to be here. It’s not as simple as moving them elsewhere because they won’t work the same. Everything—from how they’re installed to how they respond to the climate—is tailored to these conditions. To come and disrupt those conditions now seems completely senseless.”
Evelyn Johnston, lead researcher, agrees that the threat goes beyond Chilean borders: “Chilean skies are not just for Chileans—they belong to astronomers, both amateur and professional, from all over the world. If the country allows the construction of projects so close to the observatories, especially something like the ELT, which is still under construction, what will happen in the future? Are we going to lose all the dark skies in Chile?”
Light pollution is one of the main points of conflict. Johnston warns that even a small amount of additional light can have catastrophic consequences for certain research. “If we have significant amounts of light pollution, it increases the sky’s background brightness, which means we can’t observe incredibly faint objects, like dim galaxies. This would wipe out an entire field of astronomy.”
Despite these concerns, Jofré emphasizes that the astronomical community is not opposed to the development of renewable energy. “We all like having energy, and hopefully as green as possible. But let’s be mindful: the desert is much larger, and these plants can be placed elsewhere. We can do both. It’s not that complicated to develop both areas, which are tremendously important for humanity.”
Johnston adds that this project could set a dangerous precedent. “I understand that the plans for this plant fall within current light pollution regulations, but setting a precedent like this opens the door to future projects that could destroy what we have now. This is not just a national issue; it’s an international one.”
Astronomy not only seeks to answer seemingly abstract questions about the universe, but also drives technological advances with practical applications. Jofré points out that everyday technologies, such as digital cameras, originated from astronomical efforts. “The digital camera was created because we wanted to observe galaxies. Today, no one questions its importance. What we’re doing now with astronomy could have a huge impact in the future, even if we don’t realize it yet.”
Both astronomers insist that it's not about choosing between green energy or astronomy, but about finding a path that preserves both.“Global warming affects us all, and we want renewable energy. But these interests don’t have to clash. Chile can lead the way by showing that it’s possible to harmonize both needs,” Jofré concludes.
The scientific community calls for deep dialogue and joint action to protect the dark skies of Chile, an invaluable resource for humanity. As Johnston states, “These skies are for everyone. If we don’t act now, not only Chilean astronomy will be at risk, but global astronomy and everything this science can offer.”